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THE LOCAL PROOF

The proof presented by Manfredo Do Carmo in Differentiel Geometry of Curves and Surfaces

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THE GLOBAL PROOF

The proof presented by Manfredo Do Carmo in Differentiel Geometry of Curves and Surfaces

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Math Formulas

NOTE:

The proof uses many theorems not covered in detail yet, including the theorem of turning tangents and the Gauss Green theorem.

Turning Tangents

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